SOP for Scaffolding Erection and Dismantling

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 Precautions to be followed by Employees and workers

S.N	Precautions	Photographs
I	Before start the Job:
1	Explain to all workers about safety precautionary measures and hazards of scaffolding erection or dismantling.
2	If scaffolding erection or dismantling work above height of 1.8 meters (6 feet), a height work permit must be obtained or renewed. All height safety guidelines to be followed.
3	Before start the scaffolding erection or dismantling work, make sure that all workers are wearing personal protective equipment (PPEs), safety helmet, safety belt, reflection jacket and safety shoe. Safety belt must confirm IS 3521 or EN Standard.
4	Make sure that all the workers who are going to erect or dismantle scaffolding at height are in good health. Everyone must have passed the Height Pass Test. People with acrophobia should not be allowed to work at height.
5	A hard barricade should be set up at least two meters away from scaffolding erection, use, modification and dismantle area. Barricading tape also should be attached on hard barricading.
6	Before starting the scaffolding erection, it’s to be ensured that the ground is firm, stable and even level. If there is any loose soil it should be compacted properly.
7	Before erecting the scaffolding, ensure that scaffolding materials 100 % free from damages. Bend, crack, cut and damaged scaffolding pipes are not permit to use. To find good scaffolding pipes apply green paint at the bottom.
8	Avoid smoking and alcohol while working on scaffolding. Ensure that before start the work no workers are drink alcohol and while working on scaffolding.
9	Make sure there are good ladders or stairs are provided to reach the work place.
10	Scaffolding erection or dismantle work should be supervised by a qualified and experienced scaffolding supervisor or Civil Engineer.
II	During Scaffolding Erection:
11	Load Chart for Light, Medium and Heavy Duty Scaffold
	Type of Duty	Light Duty kg/m2		Medium Duty kg/m2		Heavy Duty kg/m2
	Maximum Safe Working Load (SWL)	75	150	175	225	250	300	450
	Maximum bay length in meters	2.5	2.2	2.0	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.0
	Maximum bay width (its based on jalley width but maximum permissible limit is 1.25 meter).	1.25 meter
12	The Sole plate minimum 300 x 300 x 6 mm thickness MS plate shall be used at all uneven area to support base plate. The Square Base plate minimum 150 x 150 x  6mm thickness shall be used to support all vertical pipes of Scaffolds.
13	Bay length is varied as per requirement of scaffoldings, for medium duty scaffolding following to be followed, maximum permissible limit of bay length is 2 meter and Maximum permissible bay  width is 1.25 meter. Maximum 2.2-meter distance allowed ledger to ledger.
14	Plump level to be checked to base of scaffolding and all required elevations.
15	Kicker lift to be provided at height of 150 mm from the ground.
16	Minimum Platform width is 600 mm.   Working platform should be without any gab and guarded completely. Don’t keep loose materials and scraps on working platform.
17	Guard railings to be fixed as following on scaffolding; Toe board to fix at 150 mm, Mid railing to fix at 550 mm, Top railing to fix at 1050 mm but not to exceed 1200 mm.
18	For securing the ladder should be provided with tie rods at top and bottom rungs. Ladders to be fixed at 75 degree and landing platform shall be provided to each 9 meters. Don’t carry any materials in hand while ascending and descending on scaffolding ladder.
19	Ladder side rails extended up to 1 meter from landing platform.
20	Cross bracing must be provided to all four sides of scaffolding but not required on stairs and access areas.
21	Wall / structure-based scaffolding shall be secured between structure and scaffolding at least every 8 meters of length and 6 meters of height.
22	The members of scaffolds shall overhang not less than 150 mm on either ends but not more than 300 mm. They shall be tight both ends by couplers.
23	Minimum overlap of vertical members (standards) and/ or horizontal members (Ledger) shall be 600mm with at least two couplers.
24	Don’t throw any materials directly to the ground, use a lift pulley to lowering the materials. The scaffolding should always be removed from the top to bottom, and the ladder and standards must be removed last.
25	Scaffolding should be able to bear more than four times the weight of workers and materials.
26	Once the scaffolding erected must be checked in every week.
27	Height of individual scaffold not exceed 3 times of bay width.
28	Safety belt should be used properly when ascending and descending on ladders at scaffolding or use Rope grape vertical fall arrestor. Safety helmet must be used with chin strap.
29	During working on scaffolding, always ensure the safety belt must anchoring with lifeline or to anchoring with strong and fixed horizontal member of the platform. The lifeline at least 12 mm wire rope or 18 mm polyamide rope. The safety Belt must confirm IS 3521.
30	Safety net shall be tied as close as possible to the working platform but not allowing more than 3 meters below the platform. The safety net shall extend out at least 2.5 meters from the side of the open edge. It’s shall be combination of fall protection of man and material from height. The safety net must confirm IS 11057.
31	Modern fall arresting device may be used depending on the requirement, i.e., Modern fall arresting devices are self-retractable fall arrester, vertical rope grape fall arrester and fall protection grip descender.
32	Shall we use tool holders, wrist tool holder, tool pocket etc. to avoid the hand tools falling from height.
33	Minimum distance required between structure / scaffolding and overhead electrical lines shall be maintained as given below; For low and medium voltage lines Up to 11 KV- 5.8 meters. For high voltage lines above 11 KV – 6.1 meters.
34	Avoid lifting of long objects such as ladder, pipes and iron rods near overhead power lines.
35	If any machine is operated electrically on scaffolding, the supply must be taken through 30 mA RCCB / ELCB only. Machine and other electrical equipments shall be earthed properly.
36	Earthing Wire should not be connected to scaffolding for any reason.
37	When working on scaffolding make sure there are no sharp rods and no sharp objects on the ground. Also make sure that no harmful chemicals and flammable substances are stored underneath.
38	Upon completion of the work, Scaffolding Height Work Permit should be returned to the concerned officer.